After such a period of time, there would have been significant cellular decay, decomposition, and a strong, unpleasant odor. It is also known that his body lay in this state for four days. Furthermore, he was placed in a tomb and wrapped in burial cloths, a practice that was never done for those merely thought to be dead. This information is based on the testimony of multiple witnesses who saw Lazarus die. Lazarus was dead, decomposing for four days, and raised from the dead to live another day. Brain: pale, swollen, and lacking the usual wrinkles or furrows (sulci and gyri).Liver: enlarged, yellow, soft, and greasy to the touch.Kidneys: enlarged, pale, and yellow in color.Cyanosis: a bluish discoloration of areas that are normally pink due to prominent blood flow, such as the lips and nail beds.Turgidity: bruising of parts of the body that are dependent on gravity, for example, the buttocks if he died on his back.Rigidity: the stiffening of the muscles due to rigor mortis.To the witnesses, Lazarus would have appeared as having the following physical characteristics: A dirty wound can develop after 24 hours. However, the exact time frame for this process is not specified. Miscellaneous tissues also undergo decay as normal bacteria invade dead tissue. Brain: cell death can occur within 4 to 5 minutes.Heart: cell death can occur within 24 hours.Liver: cell death can occur within 30 to 45 minutes.Kidneys: cell death can occur within 15 minutes.In general, the point of no return for cell death due to sepsis occurs within 8 hours of its onset. The rate of cell death varies depending on the extent of cell damage and the type of organ involved. Rupture of mitochondria, which produce and store energy, destroying this essential cellular organelle.This is considered to be a point of no return for cell death. The lysosome eventually swells and ruptures, releasing its contents. Leakage of digestive enzymes from lysosomes, which store these enzymes, into the cells through leaky membranes. Clumping of nuclear chromosomes, which contain DNA, and swelling of the nuclear membrane.Increased membrane permeability, leading to cellular swelling.Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) causes lactic acidosis and decreased pH, inhibiting enzyme function and protein synthesis.Ĭell injury significantly impacts cells due to a lack of energy sources. A bad odor occurs due to irreversible (except during resurrection) cell death as follows: When respiration and circulation stop, tissue oxygen levels drop, cell metabolism ceases, and energy sources depleted, leading to cell injury and irreversible cell death. Those who witnessed the events worried that the decay process of death, over the now four days, would have resulted in a “bad odor” when the stone was rolled away from his grave (v 39).ĭecomposition occurs only in the dead. Evidence includes the fact that he was placed in a tomb, wrapped in grave clothes, and the opening closed off with a stone (v 44) an act only performed on the absolutely dead. This included Jewish Pharisees, the most educated of the day (v 46). In addition, not only Mary and Martha reported that he was dead, but many others said the same to Christ after he arrived in Bethany (v 37). As determined by many at the scene, we know Lazarus is dead. Jesus waited to come to Bethany for over two days (v 6) and eventually four days (v 39), allowing this deathly state to progress to what was reported to Jesus as Lazarus’ death (v 21). This supports the severity and deathly nature of his illness. His illness was such that the sisters sent word to Jesus, considered “Lord” by Mary and Martha (v 3). Death in these states may occur by wasting and nutritional effects, but in such a chronic illness, the last pathway is often infection leading to sepsis. On the other hand, Lazarus may have suffered from a chronic disease such as cancer, coronary artery disease, heart failure, or other chronic illness responsible for the death.
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